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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">Evidence-based practices</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Evidence-based_assessment" title="Evidence-based assessment">Assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_design" title="Evidence-based design">Design</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_management" title="Evidence-based management">Management</a></li>
<li><a href="Metascience" title="Metascience">Research</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul><li><a href="Evidence-based_dentistry" title="Evidence-based dentistry">Dentistry</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_medical_ethics" title="Evidence-based medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">Medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_nursing" title="Evidence-based nursing">Nursing</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_pharmacy_in_developing_countries" title="Evidence-based pharmacy in developing countries">Pharmacy</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_toxicology" title="Evidence-based toxicology">Toxicology</a></li></ul>
<hr>
<ul><li><a href="Evidence-based_conservation" title="Evidence-based conservation">Conservation</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_education" title="Evidence-based education">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_legislation" title="Evidence-based legislation">Legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_library_and_information_practice" title="Evidence-based library and information practice">Library and information practice</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_policy" title="Evidence-based policy">Policy</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_policing" title="Evidence-based policing">Policing</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_prosecution" title="Evidence-based prosecution">Prosecution</a></li></ul></td>
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<p><b>Evidence-based scheduling</b> is a <a href="Software_estimation" class="mw-redirect" title="Software estimation">software estimation</a> approach created by <a href="Joel_Spolsky" title="Joel Spolsky">Joel Spolsky</a>, a commentator on software engineering principles. Evidence-based Scheduling is based on at least two core ideas: including all time spent, and using a Monte Carlo completion date prediction method. Evidence-based scheduling is an example of an <a href="Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">evidence-based practice</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Including_all_time_spent">Including all time spent</h2></div>
<p>One of the core ideas of evidence-based scheduling, that adds to the normal estimation practices, is the idea of <b>including all time spent, regardless of relevance</b>.
</p><p>Most people, when estimating, measure the time they actually spend on a project – classic Time Accounting categories such as cited in McConnell's <i>Software Project Survival Guide</i><sup id="cite_ref-SPSG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPSG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> do not allow for accounting for non-project activities. While McConnell goes on to include less obvious activities such as holidays, sick days and project support, he and most others identify such as activities to be separately recorded.
</p><p>However, recording and attempting to budget for secondary activities often leads to political pressure to drop such activities. In practice, people find themselves unable to avoid them and compensate by working overtime. Similarly, as Spolsky points out,<sup id="cite_ref-EBS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> your bosses' stories about his fishing trips, or model helicopter, are both a time-sink and politically dangerous to put on a time-reporting system.
</p><p>The key insight in evidence-based scheduling is that the only thing which needs measuring is the actual delivery of tasks. Over time, it is assumed that all other distractions will average out. For the purposes of estimation, variations due to interruption will show up as inaccuracies in estimation and will be compensated for by statistical analysis. The reasons for anomalies may come out if the organisation wishes to dig deeper into why people have irregular estimates.
</p><p>The appeal of this idea is simplicity – the amount of evidence to be created is simply the elapsed time between completing tasks and, another vital point, time spent debugging is applied back to the original task.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monte_Carlo_method">Monte Carlo method</h2></div>
<p>Another core idea is the use of the <a href="Monte_Carlo_method" title="Monte Carlo method">Monte Carlo method</a> to predict project completion dates. This method evaluates how reliable previous estimates have been. Instead of a single completion date, the method results in multiple possible completion dates, each with an associated probability of being correct.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-SPSG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPSG_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1572316217">Software Project Survival Guide</a></span>
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2007/10/26/evidence-based-scheduling/">"Evidence Based Scheduling"</a>. <i>Joel on Software</i>. 26 October 2007.</cite></span>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evidence-based_practice106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Evidence-based_practice106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">Evidence-based practice</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">Evidence-based practice</a></li>
<li><a href="Hierarchy_of_evidence" title="Hierarchy of evidence">Hierarchy of evidence</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Effective_altruism" title="Effective altruism">Effective altruism</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_assessment" title="Evidence-based assessment">Evidence-based assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_conservation" title="Evidence-based conservation">Evidence-based conservation</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_dentistry" title="Evidence-based dentistry">Evidence-based dentistry</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_design" title="Evidence-based design">Evidence-based design</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_education" title="Evidence-based education">Evidence-based education</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_legislation" title="Evidence-based legislation">Evidence-based legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_library_and_information_practice" title="Evidence-based library and information practice">Evidence-based library and information practice</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_management" title="Evidence-based management">Evidence-based management</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_medical_ethics" title="Evidence-based medical ethics">Evidence-based medical ethics</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">Evidence-based medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_nursing" title="Evidence-based nursing">Evidence-based nursing</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_pharmacy_in_developing_countries" title="Evidence-based pharmacy in developing countries">Evidence-based pharmacy in developing countries</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_policing" title="Evidence-based policing">Evidence-based policing</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_prosecution" title="Evidence-based prosecution">Evidence-based prosecution</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_policy" title="Evidence-based policy">Evidence-based policy</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-based_toxicology" title="Evidence-based toxicology">Evidence-based toxicology</a></li>
<li><a href="Journalology" title="Journalology">Journalology</a></li>
<li><a href="Metascience" title="Metascience">Metascience</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Clinical_study_design" title="Clinical study design">Methods</a> and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trial</a></li>
<li><a href="Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">Systematic review</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">Meta-analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Umbrella_review" title="Umbrella review">Umbrella review</a></li>
<li><a href="Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">Randomized controlled trial</a></li>
<li><a href="Health_technology_assessment" title="Health technology assessment">Health technology assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="PICO_process" title="PICO process">PICO process</a></li>
<li><a href="GRADE_approach" title="GRADE approach">GRADE approach</a></li>
<li><a href="Pragmatic_clinical_trial" title="Pragmatic clinical trial">Pragmatic clinical trial</a></li>
<li><a href="Spaced_repetition" title="Spaced repetition">Spaced repetition</a></li>
<li><a href="Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li>
<li>Scientific <a href="Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">uncertainty</a></li>
<li><a href="Policy-based_evidence_making" title="Policy-based evidence making">Policy-based evidence making</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Archie_Cochrane" title="Archie Cochrane">Archie Cochrane</a></li>
<li><a href="David_Sackett" title="David Sackett">David Sackett</a></li>
<li><a href="Iain_Chalmers" title="Iain Chalmers">Iain Chalmers</a></li>
<li><a href="Ken_Harvey_(professor)" title="Ken Harvey (professor)">Ken Harvey</a></li>
<li><a href="John_Ioannidis" title="John Ioannidis">John Ioannidis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-profit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="James_Lind_Alliance" title="James Lind Alliance">James Lind Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="Cochrane_(organisation)" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane Collaboration</a></li>
<li><a href="Campbell_Collaboration" title="Campbell Collaboration">Campbell Collaboration</a></li>
<li><a href="Science-Based_Medicine" title="Science-Based Medicine">Science-Based Medicine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)</a></li>
<li><a href="Canadian_Agency_for_Drugs_and_Technologies_in_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH)</a></li>
<li><a href="European_Network_for_Health_Technology_Assessment" title="European Network for Health Technology Assessment">EUnetHTA</a></li>
<li><a href="German_Agency_for_Quality_in_Medicine" title="German Agency for Quality in Medicine">German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AEZQ)</a></li>
<li><a href="National_Institute_for_Health_and_Care_Excellence" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</a></li>
<li><a href="Swedish_Agency_for_Health_Technology_Assessment_and_Assessment_of_Social_Services" title="Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services">Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU)</a></li>
<li><a href="Evidence-Informed_Policy_Network" title="Evidence-Informed Policy Network">WHO Evidence-Informed Policy Network (EVIPNet)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Centre_for_Reviews_and_Dissemination" title="Centre for Reviews and Dissemination">Centre for Reviews and Dissemination</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Examine.com" title="Examine.com">Examine.com</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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